Types of power supply and their applications

Types of power supply and their applications Types of Power Supply and their applications Power supply is a device used to provide the electric energy to operate the devices running on electric power. It has many special ways to provide electric energy to a specific system â€Å"it is mother of the system† ( Brown, 2001, p.1 ). The basic functionality of power supply is to convert Alternative Current voltage to regulated Direct Current voltage required by electronic devices. A typical power supply has four different modules each of them has a specific function. (Source: http://www.kpsec.freeuk.com/powersup.htm) Transformer is the first module and its function is to convert high voltage Alternative Current to low voltage Direct Current. The second module is Rectifier and its main function is to convert low voltage Alternative Current to Direct Current. The third module is Smoothing, the Direct Current produced by the Rectifier is varying, so Smoothing reduces this variation to small rippling. Last module is Regulator, it sets the Direct Current voltage to fixed value by removing the ripples. This is a basic design of power supply. The design can be huge and complicated based on the requirements. This essay will present the four major types of power supply which are Linear Regulators and Switching Mode Power Supply, Programmable Power Supply, Uninterruptible Power Supply. The first type of power supply is Linear Regulated Power Supplies. They are the basic type of power supply. they produce the regulated output voltage by dropping the input voltage. To achieve this, it relies on variable conductivity of an electronic device. Hence, the lot of power wasted in the form of heat. â€Å"it is though, a very electrically quiet power supply† (Brown, 2001, p.11). they are often used in ground based equipment and distributed power systems. Linear regulated power supply function by converting varying Alternative Current input to regulated Direct Current output. The typical circuit used in this type has two range. One allows more voltage at lower current and the other allows more current at lower voltage. Linear regulated power supplies come in two basic forms called series regulators and shunt regulators. Series regulated power supplies are most common form of linear regulated power supply. The power dissipated in series regulated device is the product of power supply output current and the voltage drop. Shunt regulated power supplies are the simpler form of Linear Regulated power supply, but they are less efficient. Simplicity is the main advantage of linear regulated power supplies. They have been widely used in industry for a long time. They are used in systems that require extremely low noise. They are more suitable and cost effective for low power applications. They are used in ground based applications and distributed power systems. Since the linear regulated power supply has very low power output voltage ripple, it is used in low noise / low ripple applications such as communication and radio device where noise is very critical. It is more efficient in the application which output voltage is almost equal to input voltage. The second type of power supply is Switching Mode (SMPS). It operates in ON-OFF mode. It uses switching circuits and energy storage elements such as capacitors and inductors to get the regulated output voltage. â€Å"These circuits are ideally lossless with 100% energy transfer† (Johnny, 2006, p.1). The main advantage of Switching Mode Power Supply is the higher efficiency because of low power dissipation. It is simpler and light weight because of the elimination of heavy low frequency transformers and generates low heat. It is used in domestic products which often have universal inputs. Mobile phones have changed their power supply technology from linear regulated to Switching Mode Technology. It is widely used in aircraft electric power such as airplane ground support. The third type of power supply is Programmable Power Supply. It provides the power through a computer interface. It generally depends on both Linear regulated and Switched Mode technologies to produce accurate output power. A Programmable power supply typically consists of microcontroller, current, voltage programming circuits such as analog to digital convertors, serial peripheral interface, keypad and a LCD display. The desired voltage parameter is given as the input to microcontroller through key pad. Intern, microcontroller convert analog voltage from a voltage source to digital through analog to digital convertor. This digital voltage is regulated through serial peripheral interface to get the desired voltage which is inputted to microcontroller through keypad. The main advantage of programmable power supply is that accurate required voltage can be produced which is not possible from either linear regulated or switching mode power supply. It is mainly used in automated equipment testing. They are also used in ultrasonic vibration measurement tools. The last type of power supply is Uninterruptible power supply. It is widely known as UPS or power back up. It is widely used as backup power to protect the devices from crashing due to sudden power loss. There are three major categories of Uninterruptible power supply, offline -standby, online and line-interactive. The first category is Offline /standby Uninterruptible power supply. It provides surge protection and battery back-up up to 20 minutes. When the input power supply falls below the threshold level, then Uninterruptible power supply turns on its power circuit providing power backup to the device up in certain time (In this type 20 minutes). Line-Interactive Uninterruptible power supply is the second category. It generally uses only one main power convertor to generate the power. â€Å"With its low cost and durability, the line-interactive UPS has been used successfully in millions of IT installations worldwide† (Hoff and Samstad , 2004) . The typical protection time varies from 5 minutes to 30 minutes. The last category is Online, the operation of Online Uninterruptible power supply is very similar to Standby or Line-Interactive type. The typical protection time varies between 5 minutes to 30 minutes. But, it provides electrical firewall between incoming utility power and sensitive electronic equipment. The main purpose of Uninterruptible power supply is to provide the protection to devices from crashing due to sudden power loss. Some of the Uninterruptible power supplies are also capable of correcting the common utility power problems such as, total loss of input voltage, momentary increase or decrease input voltage, spikes , noise. They are mainly used for surge protection and back power for computers, data centers and telecommunication equipment. They are used to provide the electric isolation for the equipment which are sensitive to power fluctuations. In conclusion, there are various sources of power being used to provide the power to the systems effectively and efficiently. For example, solar energy and wind power are being converted to electric energy to provide the power to large industrial applications. Power supplies are the heart of any system which requires electrical energy. They not only provide power but also provide the protection to the system against outside disturbances. Therefore, design and development considerations of a power supply are more important. As technology is growing, more advanced power supplies are being invented to provide best protection and efficient power to the devices.

Fi363 Final Study Guide

FI363 Final Examination Student Study Guide Final Examination 1. 05 This is a two-hour, closed book and closed notes test. Therefore, it cannot be a take-home test. Students are not allowed to use a computer during the test. Students are not allowed to bring extra â€Å"scratch† paper to the exam. They can use the back side of the test for scratch paper if needed. The examination contains twenty multiple choice questions valued at 5 points each (100 points total) and five essay questions valued at 40 points each (200 points total). The total value of the examination is 300 points.Multiple Choice Questions ask the students to relate key financial System concepts that they have learned: 1. The student should review these course concepts a. Interest rates and interest rate calculations b. Various types of financial markets c. Various types of financial institutions d. Direct and indirect finance e. Present value f. Supply and demand as applied to financial instruments; i. e. supp ly curve for bonds g. Term structure; i. e. relationship among interest rates on bonds with different maturities h. The Federal Reserve System; identify components i.Monetary Policy; concept behind raising or lower the money supply j. Monetary Policy Targeting k. Money markets; characteristics l. Capital markets ; compared to money market securities m. Mortgage Markets and how they differ from stock and bond markets n. Foreign exchange markets o. Securities and Exchange Commission; characteristics p. Currency exchange rates and the law of one price q. International finance r. Adverse selection s. Moral hazard and characteristics of loan management principles t. Too-Big-to-Fail Policy u. Conflict of interest and the concept behind consumer/business lending v.Bank Liabilities/Assets w. Dual Banking System. x. World Bank y. Financial system structure Essay questions ask the student to relate core learning concepts to financial system situations and to discuss or define financial system terms. Be certain that you completely understand the following terms. The student should review concepts that relate to the following and be prepared to write analyses that include: 1. Assess the structural characteristics of the American financial system, including both institutions and markets that lead to its efficiency and effectiveness. 2.Describe and evaluate the functions of financial markets. Provide an example of the functions of the Bond Market, the Stock Market, or the Mortgage market. 3. Discuss the role of central banks, such as the Federal Reserve in the United States, to provide economic growth and stability. 4. Differentiate between the roles of various financial institutions within the financial system. Provide a detailed example of one financial institution. 5. Describe and the regulatory system in the United States and evaluate its impact of regulations on financial institutions and markets.

The Weight Loss Is Based On A Combination Of Sound...

For many, weight loss seems like a difficult thing. Maybe you ve tried things in the past...diets, workouts, pills, creams, ANYTHING to help get the weight off, but it seems like no matter how hard you try, it either doesn t come off at all, or it comes right back on. Why do you think that is? I believe that successful weight loss is based on a combination of sound nutrition principles, and regular exercise. Sounds easy, right? But here s the catch...THIS IS JUST THE BASIC OUTLINE FOR SUCCESSFUL WEIGHT LOSS. So what are the underlying reasons? Why does it seem like some people just eat whatever they want and stay skinny as a rail, and for some people, no matter what they try, or how hard they try it, just can t seem to get results? I ve created a list for you containing principles, that if taken to heart, and APPLIED to your life, will produce tremendous results. Listed here are the KEYS to losing weight, and keeping it off for good. Now remember...I can provide the knowledge, but it is up to YOU to take the action. In the words of Emmerson, Good thoughts are no better than good dreams, unless they be executed. In other words, it s not enough to simply know these weight loss secrets, you have to APPLY them to your life. I can not stress the importance of this one seemingly simple step. Rest assured, no one is going to do this for you. You got yourself to where you are now, and it is YOU who has the power to turn it around, and get yourself to where, and to who,Show MoreRelatedIntervention Plan And Care Of Hispanic Men Essay2805 Words   |  12 PagesIntervention Plan and care in Hispanic Men with T2DM The literature review provides various insights of the evidence-based interventions that have been effective in the past. 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Pop Culture And Its Impact On Society - 846 Words

I’ve found over the years that fans, young and old, come to Expo for different reason. One thing unites them – the quest to express the joy pop culture brings to each of us and meeting like-minded folk. Expo-goers are some of the most passionate people on the planet, devoting many hours on costumes, travel, and immersing themselves in what they love. The more recent explosion of sci-fi, fantasy, horror and comic book characters on TV bring what we love into our homes on a weekly basis. It’s had me wondering lately, â€Å"What is the gateway to all things pop culture that we have at the Expo?† I spend a lot of time talking about pop culture and started asking people how they initially got turned on to participating, sometimes many times a year, in something like Expo. Resoundingly, the popularity of the Comic Book movie and their TV counterparts lead the charge. Very rarely though, did I hear comic books. Now I think it’s fair to say that everyone has seen a comic book. Whether it be memories of hot summer days reading double digests, rolling down to the corner store to see what was happening, or being brought home a couple of books when you were sick by your parents or other loved ones, comics have been providing entertainment for well over 100 years. As a storytelling medium, they are unique in that they provide distinct visual artistry matched with an internal and external narrative structure. Comic book art guides the reader and shows usShow MoreRelatedThe Mafia s Influence On Hip Hop1603 Words   |  7 PagesThe Mafia’s influence on Hip-Hop In Rap, there is a unique culture, history, social impact and influence on society. Hip-Hop/Rap is one of the most popular genre of music. It has helped shape the pop culture into what it is today. What is popular culture? The ideas, activities or products, which are popular among the general mass. In today’s pop culture, one subject that is at the top of the list is hip-hop/rap. 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